Human and Animal Research Ethics Policy

Research involving human participants or animals must comply with internationally recognized ethical standards.

Human Research

Studies involving human participants must:

• Be approved by an appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee.
• Be conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
• Include a statement confirming that informed consent was obtained from all participants (or their legal guardians where applicable).
• Protect participant privacy and confidentiality.

Animal Research

Research involving animals must:

• Receive approval from an appropriate Animal Ethics Committee.
• Comply with relevant national and institutional regulations governing animal welfare.
• Follow internationally accepted principles for the ethical use of laboratory animals and the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement).

Authors must provide the name of the approving ethics committee and approval number where applicable. The Editors reserve the right to request supporting ethical approval documents during peer review. If no human or animal are experimented simply declare "Not applicable"

Manuscripts that fail to meet these ethical requirements may be rejected.